I ran a series of tests on different file systems and directories, and accidentally found the solution .
If the /path/to/session is a full (absolute) path, it works. The session file will not contain absolute path names.
If, however, the path is a relative path, e.g. ./to/session, all paths in the session file will be absolute.
It will stay at that value, even when revisited with full path name.
Note that
ardour8 -N MySong
will create a session at the location specified with default-session-parent-dir in the ardour config, not at the current directory in the file system. Created (and visited) this way, the audio-search-path will stay default (empty).
Also note that the -N option merely verifies there is no such session yet.