Insert output doesn't contain effects

I wanted to setup a routing with channel inserts that route specific channels to a bus, which processes the signal with some plugins and then sends the signal back to the insert where it came from.
I expected it to work like so.

When playing it back I can see the plugins working. The loop seems to work, generally. The signal arrives at the bus with the effects, the plugin UIs tell me that the plugins recieve the signal, the original sending channel recieves a signal back but the effects have no effect on the signal.

What am I doing wrong?

EDIT:
The original sending channel does not recieve a signal back, that was just a setup mistake from me.
With the “proper” setup now the original channel does not get anything back.